Review of MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD:  UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
AND THE BATTLE FOR AMERICA

Thursday, December 5, 2013


I first became aware of this book when Jan and I with Sam Maloney and John Williamson took a Carnival Cruise trip to and through the Panama Canal in 2011.  Among my reading materials that I had with me was a copy of the Christian Century, and in it was a book review of Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Battle for America by David S. Reynolds.  The book was reviewed by John Fea, who is an associate professor of American history and chair of the history department at Messiah College.  I was so taken with the book that I decided right there and then that when we got back to the Pines I would order it.
Annette Gordon-Reed in the New Yorker writes of this book these words: “In this wide-ranging, brilliantly researched work, David S. Reynolds traces the factors that made Uncle Tom’s’ Cabin the most influential novel ever written by an American. Upon its 1852 publication, the novel’s vivid depiction of slavery polarized its American readership, ultimately widening the rift that led to the Civil War.  Reynolds also charts the novel’s afterlife–including its adaptation into plays, films, and consumer goods–revealing its lasting impact on American entertainment, advertising and race relations.”  She sees the novel as a “fascinating, lively and perceptive cultural history.”
David Reynolds was born in Providence, RI, in 1948 and grew up in nearby Barrington.  He received a B.A. from Amherst University in 1970.   He pursued his graduate studies in American literature and American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was awarded his Ph.D. in 1979.   Reynolds has taught American literature and American Studies at Northwestern University, Barnard College, New York University, Rutgers University-Camden, Baruch College, and the Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris III.  Since 2006, he has been a Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.  
David Reynolds is a prolific writer.  He has written biographies on a number of famous Americans.  He has written American history of which the book I am reviewing today is one.  He has written many articles as well as a number of book reviews.  He has received a number of awards and honors for his writings.  Mightier than the Sword received Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year Award, and it was honored by being named A New Yorker Favorite Book of the Year.
In recent decades there has been a remarkable upsurge of interest in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, but, according to Reynolds, much remains to be said about the novel’s place in history and what came together in Stowe’s life and time to bring her to write it.
The time is ripe for a complete reassessment that provides a full measure of the novel’s rich cultural background and its tremendous impact.
Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born in Litchfield, Connecticut on June 14, 1811.  She was the seventh of Lyman and Roxana Beecher’s nine children–Catharine, William, Edward, Mary, George, Henry Ward, and Charles.  Her father, Lyman Beecher came to be recognized as one of New England’s leading clergymen.  He was known to be an earnest preacher and social reformer.  He had a mischievous, playful side to his personality.  His conversations were peppered with colloquialisms and Yankee wit.  The Beecher family life was lively, sparkling, and full of humor and fun.  Harriet, whose signature novel, was the product of the Beecher home where being pious didn’t eliminate having fun.  
Harriet’s brother, Henry Ward, was a prominent, theological liberal Congregational clergyman.  He was a  social reformer, abolitionist, and a noted speaker from the mid to late nineteenth century.   He became one of the most influential public figures of his time.  Harriet and Henry had a close relationship.
Harriet married Calvin Stowe on January 6, 1836.  Prior to their marriage they were bonded by grief, friendship, and mutual respect that blossomed into love that led to their marriage.  Within a year twin girls were born and were given the names of Eliza Tyler Stowe and Harriet Beecher Stowe.  Over the next fourteen years five more children arrived, one of whom named Charles died in early childhood.
These years brought fulfillment for Harriet in the forms of a growing family and steady, literary productivity, but they also brought pain, tragedy, and periods of depression.  Harriet had at least two miscarriages, and she and Calvin, both hypochondriacs, suffered from various real and imagined illnesses.  Calvin was a supportive husband who encouraged Harriet to write.  One tragedy was the death of Harriet’s brother, George, who committed suicide by shooting himself with a shotgun.
Following George’s death she had visionary experiences.  These created a sense of her entire IDENTITY being with God’s will.  From that point on she had visionary capacities.  Sometimes she would be in a visionary state for quite some time.  When she wasn’t, she had the capacity to call up her visionary when she needed it.  Children were necessary to Harriet’s religious vision because of the simplicity and sinlessness of children.  In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet created literature’s prototype of a  sinless child in Little Eva, the angelic blonde who is a source of religious imagination to others.  The child was an important part of Harriet’s resistance against orthodox Calvinism which had preached the doctrine of infant damnation.
Harriet was especially attracted to the post millennial perfectionism of Charles Grandison Finney.  The era’s leading evangelical Christian had led mass revivals in upstate New York and Manhattan before accepting a call in 1835 to become a theology professor at the recently formed Oberlin Collegiate Institute in Ohio.  Establishing what came to be known as the Oberlin doctrines, Finney endorsed the perfectionist doctrine of total sanctification, which meant that all who chose Christ were capable of living without sin.  Finney considered infant damnation a useless relic of old-style Calvinism.  His post millennialism fostered his social reform views and efforts, which included antislavery and the education of women and blacks along with white men.
Harriet desperately wanted to believe that perfection was possible as Finney claimed.  She believed the Christian lives in Christ and thus is by definition pure and perfect.  Christianity is joyful, elastic, not given to moping or depression.  For the sincere Christian, sinlessness is like fresh water flowing forever from a pure fountain.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin went a long way toward winning Christianity for the antislavery cause.  This was no mean achievement.  By the early 1850's, proslavery thought had gained the upper hand in the religious argument over slavery.  Defenders of the South found ample sanction for slavery in the Bible.
The major church, North and South, compromised on slavery.  Harriet had a character in one of her novels impugn American churches: “About half of them defend slavery from the Bible, in the most unblushing, disgusting manner.  The other half acknowledge and lament it as an evil but they are cowed and timid, and can do nothing.”  By showing in virtually every scene of Uncle Tom’s Cabin that the Bible was antislavery in religious spirit, she launched a major challenge to churchly waffling.
Stowe forcefully challenged abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, who were so rebuffed by the alliance of the American church with slavery that they came close to objecting to religion altogether.  Although she had great respect for Garrison and shared his antislavery passion, she was uneasy about his reemphasis of religion.  Uncle Tom’s Cabin did what Garrison and other activists failed to do; it replaced the venal religion of the churches with a new, abolitionist Christianity anchored in vibrantly portrayed human experiences and shared emotions.  One reviewer of her book wrote, it “spread the gospel of Jesus Christ” and provided “a very perfect antidote to the infidelity which has been generated in other ranks of the Anti-slavery reform.”
Many readers were inspired by the book to embrace Christianity.  One of these was the German poet Heinrich Heine.  He had long been tormented by religious doubt but regained his faith in the Bible after reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin.  The novel, which stimulated the sale of Bibles globally, was also used as a Church School text.  One appreciative father reported that his young daughter, dying of cholera, was consoled by the prospect that she soon would join Tom and Eva in heaven.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin not only offered salvation to individuals, it also filtered the most subversive, sensational, or raucous cultural energies of the time through the cult of domesticity, which put the home and the family at the center of life.  Women’s rights, sensational novels, and zany minstrel-show humor gained broad moral appeal when Stowe recombined their images with domesticity and with antislavery commitment.  In doing this, she helped popularize the American home as a center of virtue and took the innovative step of converting it into an arena of progressive politics.
Harriet championed the rights of women in the novel.  What’s most unusual about Stowe’s orating women is that they didn’t strike most readers of the time as unconventional.  For sympathetic readers, Stowe and her characters epitomized true womanhood.  One reviewer remarked that “every Word” in Uncle Tom’s Cabin “issues glistening and warm from the mind of a woman’s love and sympathy,” maintained that no other work offered “so many and such sudden and irresistible appeals to the reader’s heart, which  . . .  only a wife and mother could make.”  Stowe was the first novelist to couple the kind of feisty, unconventional heroine that often appeared in yellow-covered pulp novels with the upright moral example featured in more conventional bestsellers like Susan Warner’s The Wide, Wide World (1850).
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the first novel that pictured the full range of emotions among enslaved blacks.  Minstrelsy, as we have seen, was one source of this journey into the emotional life of black people.  But minstrelsy took on wholly new progressive dimensions when filtered through Harriet Beecher Stowe’s broad imagination.  The same is true of other popular phenomena she observed, including religion, sentimental-domestic fiction, temperance, moral reform, and sensationalism.  Stowe embraced all these aspects of American life, endowing them with fresh meaning.
Harriet Beecher Stowe was constantly questioned about the roots of history’s most influential antislavery novel.  Its factual basis was important for the efforts of both abolitionist and proslavery groups.
She was cautious about revealing her sources.  It would have been dangerous for her to reveal all of her sources.  To tell what her sources were could have put some of them in peril of arrest under the Fugitive Slave Law.  Her interest in protecting friends was not the only reason for confusion about sources.  A more telling one is that there is no single source for any of the major characters or chapters in Uncle Tom’s Cabin.  We’ve seen that all kinds of cultural phenomena–visionary fiction, biblical narratives, pro- and anti-Catholicism, gender issues, temperance, moral reforms, minstrelsy–contributed to the novel, who every character radiates multiple meanings.  To isolate individual sources strips the novel of its capacity for generating varied responses in different contexts.
Stowe’s contemporaries responded to her novel with profound emotion.  The seasoned antislavery editor, Horace Greeley, was so moved by the novel that when he read it during a train ride he had to go to a hotel room to collect himself.
There was good reason why Uncle Tom’s Cabin moved readers more powerfully than any other antislavery work.  The novel sprang from the deepest emotions of a sensitive, reform-minded woman.  The period between Harriet’s birth (1811) and her return east from Cincinnati in 1850 was book ended by powerful slavery-related experiences.
How did this radically democratic sympathy for black people arise?  What were the stages by which Stowe developed into the author of so moving and exhaustive an indictment of slavery as Uncle Tom’s Cabin?  The book more than any other work of fiction has been a collection and arrangement of real events, of action really performed, of words and expressions really uttered, grouped together with reference to a general result, in the same manner that the mosaic artist groups his fragments of various stones into a general picture.  Not just the novel as a whole but individual characters and incidents are composites of facts Stowe absorbed from the intensifying controversy about slavery.
Stowe decided that the institution of slavery could be gotten rid of only if the nation faced up to it sins.  Politics had failed to wipe out slavery.  So had speeches, sermons, and all other forms of persuasion.  Even fiction had failed when it took an openly subversive stance, as in the case of Richard Hildreth’s Archy Moore.
What was needed was a novel that appealed to what a great leader would soon call “the better angels of our nature.”  Uncle Tom’s Cabin provided America iconic angels, in the form of a white girl and an enslaved black who died for the redemption of others.  It unsparingly exposed the toll that slavery took upon blacks and whites, who were bonded by a common humanity.  It put aside reformist wrangles, political squabbles, and sectional tensions.  We’re all in this together, it announced.  The responsibility for slavery lies with Northerners as well as Southerners.  There’s a way to escape this evil; that is by feeling right as human beings, guided by the spirit of a loving, democratic Christianity.
Although right feeling did not end slavery–it took a bloody civil war to do that–, it opened the way for a widespread acceptance in the North of antislavery arguments that had long been ignored or dismissed.  Written in protest against a wicked law, Uncle Tom’s Cabin accomplished what Abraham Lincoln said was more important than making statutes: it shaped public opinion.  It did so with a strength unmatched by any other American novel.
To understand the novel’s impact on the Civil War, it’s useful to look back from Lincoln’s victory in the presidential race of 1860.  Without the election of an antislavery Republican, it’s likely that the war would not have begun when it did, for the secession of the eleven Southern states, which triggered the war, would not have taken place.  But what lay behind Lincoln’s victory?  Many people of the time charged Harriet Beecher Stowe for having created the striking shifts in the popular attitudes toward slavery that lay behind the Civil War.  The claim has validity.  Uncle Tom’s Cabin shaped the political scene by making the North, formerly hostile to the antislavery reform, far more open to it than it had been.  The novel and its dissemination in plays, essays, reviews, and tie-in merchandise directly made the way for the public’s openness to an antislavery candidate like Lincoln.  Simultaneously, it stiffened the South’s firmness to defend slavery and demonize the North.
Stowe was the leading popularizer of higher law.  It was held by those who looked beyond the Constitution or the Fugitive Slave Law to the law of natural justice, supported by God and morality.  Advocates of this higher law considered it more sacred than any human statute.  Frederick Douglas, the great African-American social reformer, wrote of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, “We doubt if abler arguments have ever been presented in favor of the ‘Higher Law’ than may be found here [in] Mrs. Stowe’s truly great work.”  Another reviewer described “the tears which [Uncle Tom’s Cabin] has drawn from millions of eyes, the sense of  ‘a higher law,’ which it has stamped upon millions of hearts.
On the other hand, Southerners denounced the novel as the epitome of Northerner’s defiance of the Constitution.  The Southern Literary Messenger branded the novel as “this new missionary of the higher law” and declared that “this portentous book of sin” enforced “the doctrines and practices of the higher-law agitators at the North.”  Stowe was considered as being associated with all the enemies of the Constitution; all the disciples of the higher law in the North.
Both the eulogists and critics of Uncle Tom’s Cabin were right about its support of the higher law.  Stowe viewed the history of American slavery as an unfolding drama with defenders of the higher law as heroes and its opponents as villains.
Stowe constructed her Southern narrative strategically to stress the dreadful aspects of the domestic slave trade.  A historian of the domestic slave trade estimates that between 1790 and 1860 approximately one million African-Americans were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South, about two-thirds of them as a result of sale.  Many were sold repeatedly.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was irresistibly attractive to nineteenth-century readers in whatever format it appeared.  It had just the right mix of engaging storytelling and popular culture to make its higher-law, antislavery message palatable to many readers.  The book was quite popular in this country as well as in foreign countries.  The novel soared to popularity on many long review and controversies that enhanced its visibility and appeal.  Never before had an American novel bred as much discussion as Uncle Tom’s Cabin .  Its reception was unique for its time, even with its sharply divided responses.  In the North, the novel aroused antislavery feeling among many, who had previously disliked abolitionists or cared little about enslaved blacks.  A year and a half after Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published, Stowe wrote a friend, “The effects of the book so far have been — these: 1st. to soften and moderate the bitterness of feeling in extreme abolitionists.  2nd. to convert to abolitionist views many whom the same bitterness had repelled.  3rd. to inspire the free colored people with self-respect, hope, and confidence.  4th.  to inspire universally through the country a kindlier feeling toward the Negro race.”  There’s plenty of evidence to show that she had an impact in all these areas.
Some Southerners credibly charged Stowe with having prepared the way for the North’s positive reception of John Brown.  For Thomas Dixon, the author of a pro-Southern bestseller in the early twentieth century, Harriet Beecher Stowe and John Brown were intertwined.  Without Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Dixon wrote, there would have been no John Brown, and thus no Civil War.  In his 1921 historical novel The Man in Gray, Dixon claimed that Stowe had spread flammable material far and wide, and Brown had lit it with the torch of violence.  In his novel, Dixon has Colonel Robert E. Lee, before Harpers Ferry, say of Uncle Tom’s Cabin,  “It is purely an appeal to sentiment, to the emotions, to passion, if you will–the passions of the mob and the men who lead mobs.  And it’s terrible, as terrible as an army with banners.  I heard the throb of drums through its pages.  It will work the South into a frenzy.  It will make missions of Abolitionists in the North who could not be reached by the coarser methods of abuse.  It will prepare the soil for a revolution.  If the right man appears at the right moment with a lighted torch–.”
Lincoln’s opposition to slavery was universally known.  He had made that point crystal clear in his debates with Stephen Douglas, in which he stated, “I confess myself as belonging to that class in the country that believes slavery to be a moral and political wrong.”  Lincoln was elected president in 1860 on an antislavery Republican ticket.  Stowe knew that, on the deepest level, he and she were in accord.
The Civil War was not only Lincoln’s war; it was Stowe’s and Brown’s, too.  Among the tributes made to Stowe at her seventy-first birthday party, was a poem about the war by Oliver Wendell Holmes that drove the point home:
All through the conflict, up and down
Marched Uncle Tom and Old John Brown,
One Ghost, one form ideal;
And which was false and which was true,
And which was mightier of the two,
The wisest sybil never knew,
For both alike were real.
Both were real, because both had stoked tremendous passions, North and South, that poured into Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Chickamauga, and all the other bloody battles over the principles for which Uncle Tom and John Brown had died.
After the war, Stowe felt that her novel had completed its job.  In 1866, she wrote a British friend that she had “been reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin again–and when I read that book scarred and seared and burned into with the memories of an anguish and horror that can never be forgotten and think it is all over now!–all past!”
But the cultural work of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was not finished.  In many ways, it was just beginning.  Over the following decades, its impact gathered new energy and changed American society in ways Stowe could never have foreseen.
Writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin, A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp had been painful for Stowe.  “I suffer excessively in writing these things,” she confessed to a friend.  “Many times in writing ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’ I thought my health would fail totally.”  Exploring slavery yielded terrible thoughts: “This horror, this nightmare, abomination!  Can it be in my country?”
She wrote almost thirty books after she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Dred which range from narratives about her New England roots to fiction and nonfiction on international topics, to a local-color realist, to biblical studies, and children’s stories.  Harriet Beecher Stowe died July 1, 1896, in Hartford, Connecticut.  The John Brown League, an association of ex-slaves, gathered “to honor the woman who aided their liberation– Harriet Beecher Stowe . . . whose publication of ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ was the force which turned the scale in their favor.”  A black newspaper also hailed her by saying, “It is probable that no other American woman has done so much for this country.”
The influence of Stowe’s novel had grown more and more rapidly since the Civil War and would continue to expand into the next century and beyond.  If we traced the history of Uncle Tom’s Cabin over this period, we see that its cultural power resulted not only from the novel itself but also from its many spin-offs–particularly plays, songs, and films–that swayed millions who never read the novel.
Shortly after the novel first appeared, American reviewers predicted that the novel would fuel revolutions abroad.  They were right.  The novel’s progressive themes struck a chord internationally.  Although Uncle Tom’s Cabin was banned in Russia until 1857 because of what was seen as its provocative content, it was familiar in French and German translations to a number of leading Russian thinkers who spearheaded the movement to liberate the nation’s 22 million serfs, peasants held in virtual slavery by the ruling elite.  The accession to power of the reform-minded Tsar Alexander II in 1855 led to his abolition of serfdom in 1861.
Russia was not the only nation where social change was influenced by Beecher’s novel.  In 1901 it became the first American novel to be translated into Chinese when it appeared under the title The Black Slave Appeals to Heaven.
The adaptability of Uncle Tom’s Cabin to persecuted peoples was exemplified by a Yiddish version that was performed at Glickman’s Jewish Theater in Chicago in 1900.  In this performance, Tom read from the Talmud, not the Bible, and Jewish actors in black face sang “coon songs” to “Hebrew melodies.”  A Jewish attendee was quoted as saying, “The Negro was enslaved in the south and hunted and tortured?  Who should be able to act Uncle Tom if not a Jew?”
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was translated into Portuguese.  That edition was published in Paris and distributed by booksellers in Brazil.  One editor there kept his paper red hot with abolition arguments.  Distribution of the novel in Cuba reportedly contributed to the 1886 abolition of slavery there.
Uncle Tom plays flourished in America, Europe, India, Australia, and New Zealand, to name a few.  The writer, Henry James, noted that the numerous stage versions had an even stronger impact than the book.  For many towns, the arrival of the show was a big event, trumpeted by posters and enlivened by a Tom parade.  Crowds gawked at the procession of Tom wagons, garish and gilt-edged, as the actors in costume–Tom, Eva, Topsy, Legree, and the rest–waved from their perches.  After the parade, came the show itself.  When there was no theater in town, a tent sufficed as a performance space, or the town hall or a lecture room was used for the evening
The Tom shows were among the primitive beginnings of mass entertainment in
America.  Given the technological limitations of the era, it is remarkable how widely the
Tom shows reached.  In 1912, Stowe’s son Charles estimated that the Tom show had
been put on 250,000 times, but modern scholars have found this estimate too low.
By the end of the 19th Century there were a growing number of black singers who brought alive their distinct cultural heritage by regularly singing spirituals, the songs derived from Slavery that came to be known as jubilee music which referred to emancipation.
Stowe and her brother Henry instantly recognized the importance of spirituals, which would become a source of many types of popular entertainment, right up to today.  The jubilee craze began when nine African-Americans–five women and four men–associated with Fisk University in Nashville went on a singing tour to raise funds for their struggling institution, founded in 1886 for the education of former slaves.  Following the pattern of previous African-American minstrel groups, some twenty of which had appeared during the 1860s, the Fisk singers at first performed standard minstrel songs such as “Home Sweet Home” and “Old Folks at Home.”  But when they introduced spirituals in a concert in Cincinnati, the crowd went absolutely wild.  Soon, slave songs like “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot,” “Roll, Jordan, Roll,” and “Go Down, Moses” were the main features of their program.  Changing their name to the Fisk Jubilee Singers, the Fisk performers gained national visibility when Henry organized a concert for them in his Brooklyn church.  Narrow-minded critics sneered at the singers by using a derogatory, racist term, but the Fisk group was well on its way to success.  After touring the East, the group traveled internationally.  W. E. B. Du Bois, the African-American intellectual and reformer, singled out the Fisk group as being chiefly responsible for bringing before the world “the Negro folk-song,” which, he wrote, “stands today, not simply as the sole American music, but as the most beautiful expression of human experience born this side of the sea . . . the singular spiritual heritage of the nation and greatest gift of the Negro people.”
In 1976 Alex Haley wrote the novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family.  Like Harriet Beecher Stowe, he was a sensitive observer of popular culture and contemporary debates over race.  His novel like Harriet Beecher Stowe’s was read by less people than those who saw it.  In 1977 ABC aired an eight-part, twelve-hour miniseries entitled Roots: The Triumph of an American Family.  It was seen by millions.
Roots was the first popular work to dramatize the full scope of American history from a black perspective.  It was the post-civil rights era’s answer to conservative versions of history.  Its irresistible power and drama came from its use of devices similar to those that made Uncle Tom’s Cabin uniquely influential.
In our time Harriet Beecher-Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is regaining stature globally.  It has been shown that the novel is uniquely rich in its treatment of socially charged themes like gender, sex, race, religion, and ethics.  Many blacks once labeled as Uncle Toms, such as Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, and Louis Armstrong, are today widely viewed as pioneers who broke racial barriers.  We may hope for a time when America is, in President Barack Obama’s phrase, “beyond race,” when we can erase the negative usage of Uncle Tom because it does not fit social reality.
On the night before he was murdered, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. declared that he envisioned a Promised Land of racial equality for the nation.  That dream can come true only if Americans imbibe the spirit of interracial sympathy and true democratic justice that Dr. King died for, the very spirit that Harriet Beecher Stowe’s two great fictional martyrs, the black Uncle Tom and the white Eva, had ushered into the world.

ENDNOTES

ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.
  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

 70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.

 71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  Modern Revivalism, p. 256.ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.


  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.  ENDNOTES

Preface

   1.  Cf., H. Wayne Morgan (ed.), The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963); Evensen, Bruce J.  God’s Man for the Gilded Age: D. L. Moody and the Rise of Modern Mass Evangelism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).  Findlay, J. F., Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1969).

   2.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, LXXXII (October, 1966), 94-95.

   3.  H. Francis Perry, “The Workingman’s Alienation from the Church,” American Journal of Sociology, IV (March, 1899), 621, 626.

   4.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900).

I – Dwight L. Moody

   1.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 18.

   2.  Lyman Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921), p. 185.

   3.  Ibid., 186.

   4.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 67.

   5.  Fifty-Five Years: The Young Men’s Christian Association of Chicago, 1858-1913 (Chicago: The Board of Managers, 1913), p. 33.

   6.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. iv.

   7.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), pp. 225-230.

   8.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 335.

   9.  Ibid.

 10.  Abbott, Silhouettes of My Contemporaries, p. 187.

  11.  Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 459.

II – The Age of 1860-1900

   1.  Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History (8th ed., New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1960), pp. 473-475.

   2.  Cf., Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1951).

   3.  In a letter in the Mrs. E. M. Powell Collection, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 25.

   4.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957) III, 439.

   5.  A. Theodore Brown and Charles N. Glabb, A History of Urban America (New York:  The Macmillan Co., 1967), pp. 110-111.

   6.  Chicago Department of Health, Report 1881 and 1882 (Chicago: No Publisher Given, n.d.), p. 19, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 55.

   7.  Arthur Meier Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898, Vol. X of A History of American Life,ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 114, 156-159, 360.

   8.  Allan Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878, Vol. VIII of A History of American Life  Arthur M. Schlesinger and Dixon Ryan Fox (12 vols.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 320-321.

   9.  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1890), pp. 69-70,80.

  10.  Roy Lubove, The Progressives and the Slums: Tenement House Reform in New York City, 1890-1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962, pp. 69, 138; Nevis, The Emergence of Modern America, pp. 325, 326.  

  11.  Edwin S. Gausted, A Religious History of America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966), p. 228.

  12.  Daniel Wise, “Our unevangelized Masses,” The Christian Advocate, L (August 19, 1875), 257.

  13.  Cf., Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915, Vol. XIV in the Yale Studies in Religious Education (New Haven: The Yale University Press, 1940).

III – The Workingman of the Era

   1.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), I, 473, quoted in Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair; A Study in the American Social Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 7.

   2.  Ibid.

   3.  Ibid.

   4.  Report of the Education and Labor Committee of the Senate upon the Relations Between Labor and Capital, and Testimony taken by the Committee (5 vols.; Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1885), III, 288.

   5.  New York Times, April 30, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  George Gotham Groat, An Introduction to the Study of Organized Labor in America (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1916), p. 166.

   7.  Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949), p. 92.

   8.  Cf., Robert V. Bruce, 1877: Year of Violence (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 1959).

   9.  Cf., David, The History of the Haymarket Affair.

  10.  Cf., Leon Wolff, Lockout: The Story of the Homestead Strike of 1892: A Study of Violence, Unionism, and the Carnegie Steel Empire (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965).

  11.  Cf., Thomas C. Manning, The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century, Vol. IV of Government and the American Economy: 1870 to the Present, ed. Thomas G. Manning and David M. Potter (Rev. Ed.; New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960) for documents relating to the debate’s issues.

  12.  Aaron Ignatius Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865-1900, Vol. LIV of the Harvard Historical Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1943), p. 64.

  13.  Fred Greenbaum, “The Social Ideas of Samuel Gompers,” Labor History, VII (Winter, 1966), 57.

  14.  Samuel Gompers, Labor and the Common Welfare (New York: E. P. Dutton & So., 1919), p. 31.

  15.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 438.

  16.   Ibid., p. 439.

  17.  Washington Gladden, “The Working People and the Churches,” Independent, XXXVII (July 30, 1885), 969.

  18.  Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 61.

  19.  May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, pp. 222-223.

  20.  Pierce, A History of Chicago, III, 440-441.

  21.  “Letter from a Workingman,” Christian Union, XXXII (October 29, 1865), 7-8, quoted in Abell, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, p. 65.

  22.  E. J. Hobshawn, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 376.

  23.  Herbert G. Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement: the Christian Spirit in the Gilded Age,” The American Historical Review, XXII (October, 1966) 81-82.

  24.  Cf., William G. McLaughlin, Jr. Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. Ii, iii, and Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Even of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957) for a discussion of pre-Civil War Protestant traditions.

  25.  Gutman, “Protestantism and the American Labor Movement,” 83, 99.

  26.  Ibid., 99.

  27.  Ibid.

IV – The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody

   1.  In both United States and Great Britain Moody consistently viewed “the masses” as of a lower social status than he.  Common laborer and industrial workers, immigrants, the poor, and the so-called criminal elements in society fitted into this category.  He assumed that most of these people had no religious affiliations (a predisposition that ignored the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in America).  Moody also saw them as the most likely to be affected by radical political and social doctrines.

   2.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 235.

   3.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 249.

   4.  Charles R. Eerdman, D. L. Moody: His Message for Today (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928), p. 58.

   5.  New York Times, November 9, 1896, p. 1.

   6.  Dwight L. Moody, To All People (New York: E. B. Treat, 1877), p. 494, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 255.
 
   7.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, pp. 266-267.

   8.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 263.

   9.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Providence: News Co., 1894), p. 454, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 255-256.

  10.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  11.  William H. Daniels, Moody: His Words, Work, and Workers (New York: Nelson & Phillips, 1877), p. 430.

  12.  Dwight L. Moody, The Great Redemption (Chicago: The Century Book and Paper Co., 1889), p. 160, quoted in McLoughlin Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  13.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 431.

  14.  Moody, To All People, pp. 489-490, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  15.  Ibid., p. 256.

  16.  Charles H. Yost (ed.), Fifty Evenings of the Great Revival Meetings Conducted by Moody and Sankey (Philadelphia: Charles H. Yost, 1876), p. 391, cited in Findlay, Revivalism, pp. 261.

  17.  Moody, The Great Redemption, pp. 355-356, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 254-255.

  18.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 255.

  19.  Yost, Fifty Evenings, p. 392, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261.

  20.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 261

  21.  New York Times, March 12, 1890, p. 9.

  22.  John McDowell and Others, What D. L. Moody Means to Me: An Anthology of Appreciations and Appraisals of the Beloved Founder of the Northfield Schools (East Northfield: The Northfield Schools, 1937), p. 9.

  23.  New York Times, February 19, 1876, p. 8.

  24.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 252.

  25.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 171.

  26.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), February 12, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  27.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  28.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 253.

  29.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 66.

  30.  Hebrews 12:6a.

  31.  Moody, To All People, p. 333, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 254.

  32.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 2, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.



  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.

  33.  Moody, The Great Redemption, p. 475, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  34.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 256.

  35.  Fund-raising from letter dated March 15, 1889, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  36.  For an extensive discussion of Moody, evangelization, and Americanization, see McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 267-270.

  37.  Richard Hofstadter, Anti-intellectualism in American Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), p. 111.

  38.  Irvin G. Wylie, The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954), pp. 67, 68.

  39.  New York Times, October 6, 1896, p. 9.

  40.  Letter from D. L. Moody to A. F. Gaylord, October 10,1896, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 272.

  41.  Dwight L. Moody, Moody’s Latest Sermons (Chicago: Moody Press, 1900), pp. 116-117, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 264.

  42.  Kansas City Star, November 11, 1899, p. 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  43. Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 264-265.

  44.  Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961), pp. 131-148.

  45.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 266.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 266-267.

  47.  Ralph Henry Gabriel, The Course of American Democratic Thought (2nd ed.; New York: The Ronald Press, Co., 1956), p. 167.

  48.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, January 12, 1884, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 267-268.

  49.  Paul Moody, My Father: An Intimate Portrait of Dwight Moody (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1938), pp. 46-47.

  50.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 268-269.

  51.  Ibid, p. 269.

  52.  Ibid., p. 269-270.

  53.  Ibid., p. 270.

  54.  Dwight L. Moody, New Sermons, Addresses, and Prayers (St. Louis: Mound City, 1877), p. 223, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  55.  Evening Transcript (Boston), January 7, 1897, p. 9, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 271.

  56.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 157.

  57.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  58.  Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette and Courier, October 11, 1876, p. 2 quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  59.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 185-186.

  60.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

  61.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Works (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 94.

  62.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 431-432.

  63.  Cf., Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June 1889), 653-664.

  64.  Dwight L. Moody, Glad Tidings (New York: E. B. Treat, 1876), p. 328, quoted in Gamaliel Bradford, D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1927), p. 220.

  65.  Paul Moody, My Father, pp. 181-182.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 170.

  67.  From an unidentified clipping in the Moodyana Collection, Moody Bible Institute, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 276.

  68.  Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1957), p. 8.

  69.  Evening Transcript (Boston), February 17, 1877, p. 2 quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  70.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 475-476.

  71.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 257.

  72.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, p. 475.

  73.  Ibid., p. 475.

  74.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 256-259.

  75.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 13.

  76.  Cf., Sidney E. Mead, “American Protestantism Since the Civil War, II, From Americanism to Christianity,” The Journal of Religion, XXXVI (April, 1956), 67-89, for a critical discussion of charity in post-Civil War Protestantism.

  77.  Quoted in Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), pp. 187-189.

V – Moody in Chicago

   1.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 192.

   2.  Manual of Plymouth Congregational Church and Society of Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: No Publisher Given, 1874), p. 17, cited in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p.. 32.

   3.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), pp. 31-32.

   4.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 27.

   5.  J. Wilbur Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1900), p. 92.

   6.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 34.

   7.  William C. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 174.

   8.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 33, 41.

   9.  Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 71.

  10.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 43.

  11.  Moody’s Sunday school was second in size only to the Bethany Sunday School in Philadelphia of which John Wanamaker was the founder.

  12.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 103.

  13.  Ibid., pp. 66-67.

  14.  Ibid., pp. 37-38; William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), p. 51.
 
   15.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   16.  Weinberger, They Gathered at the River, p. 184.

   17.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 44.

   18.  William R. Moody, Life of Dwight L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900), pp. 66-68.

   19.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 59-60.

   20.  Ibid., pp. 73-74.

   21.  Ibid., p. 39.

   22.  Ibid., p. 48.

   23.  Chapman, The Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody, p. 94.

   24.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 50-51, 102, 118.

   25.  Ibid., pp. 44, 60, 62-63.

   26.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 55-56.

   27.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 9.

  28.  Winthrop S. Hudson, Religion in America (New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1965), p. 229.

  29.  A Letter from D. L. Moody to his Brothers, April 9, 1854, quoted in William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 30.

  30.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 37, 58.

  31.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 87.

  32.  Ibid., p. 90.

  33.  Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, 378.

  34.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 101.

  35.  The Advance, March 29, April 30, 1868, April 15, 1869, June 23, 1870, May 25, 1871, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  36.  The Advance, March 19, 1868, cited in Pierce, A History of Chicago, II, 378.

  37.  Charles F. Goss, Echoes from the Pulpit and Platform (Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington and Co., 1900), pp. 243-244, cited in Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, pp. 100-101.

  38.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 151.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 121-158, 200.

  40.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discoverer of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.,1915), p. 13.

  41.  Charles Howard Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America (New York: Association Press, 1951), p. 158.

  42.  Curtis, They Called Him Mr. Moody, p. 319.

  43.  Richard C. Morse, History of the North American Young Men’s Christian Association (New York: Association Press, 1913), p. 123.

  44.  Hopkins, History of the Y.M.C.A., p. 6.

  45.  Ibid., pp. 227, 237.

  46.  Ibid., pp. 234, 240.

  47.  Ibid., p. 139.

  48.  Ibid., p. 235.

  49.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 103-104.

  50.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  51.  Pollock, Moody, p. 54.

  52.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 324.

  53.  Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 111.

  54.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight Lyman Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 113.

  55.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 57.

  56.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 108.

  57.  The Chicago Pulpit, May 1872, quoted in Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody, p. 116.

  58.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 120.

  59.  Ibid., p.113.

  60.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 100.

  61.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 176.

VI – The Revival Campaigns in Great Britain

   1.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 53.

   2.  William R. Moody, D. L. Moody (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1930), pp. 136-140.

   3.  Henry Drummond, Dwight L. Moody: Impressions and Facts (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1900), p. 114.

   4.  E. J. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey, in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed & Co., 1876), p. 168.

   5.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 104, 115-116.

   6.  A Letter from Robert Paton to Mrs. Jane MacKinnon, December 11, 1883, quoted in [Jane] MacKinnon], Recollections of D. L. Moody and His Work in Britain, 1874-1892 (London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905), p. 207.

   7.  Donald Carswell, Brother Scots (New York: Harcourt, Bruce, and Co., 1927), pp. 166-167.

   8.  John MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work: A Record of the Labors of D. L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, and other Evangelists (London: Morgan and Scott, [1876?], pp. 299-300.

   9.  David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914, Vol. VIII in the The Pelican History of England, ed. J. E. Morpurgo (8 vols.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950), pp. 126-130.

  10.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Edin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, E. G. (Popular ed.; London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1893), p. 688.

  11.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 624.

  12.  Ibid., p. 622.

  13.  Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, pp. 46-48.

  14.  Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 622.

  15.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 9, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 688.

  16.  Diary of the Earl of Shaftesbury, March 31, 1875, quoted in Hodder, Earl of Shaftesbury, p. 689.

  17.  Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (New York: International Publishers, 1935), p. 24.

  18.  The Times (London), April 3, p. 8 and July 16, 1875, p. 4, cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 116.

  19.  The Spectator, XLVIII (March 13, 1875), 334, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  20.  Pall Mall Gazette, XIV (March 11, 1875), 3, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  21.  The Christian, V (November 5, 1874), 707, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 117.

  22.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 256.

  23.  Ibid., p. 257.

  24.  Ibid., p. 285.

  25.  Ibid.

 26.  Daily Review (Edinburgh), January 2, 1874, p. 8, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press, 1959), p. 203.

  27.  Narrative of Messrs. Moody’s and Sankey’s Labours in Scotland and Ireland (Compiled from the British Evangelist and The Christian; New York: Anson D. F. Randolph co., 1875), p. 31, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, pp. 203-204.

  28.  Ibid., p. 204.

  29.  Ibid.

  30.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 363-367.

  31.  Ibid., p. 367.

  32.  Ibid.

  33.  The Times (London), June 22, 1875, p. 8, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 203.

  34.  A Letter from A. G. Gowan dated London, November 3, 1875, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  35.  Newman Hall, “Revivals,” Christian Monthly and Family Treasure, August 1881, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 206.

  36.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, p. 293.

  37.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, p. 79.

  38.  Ibid., p. 171.

  39.  Ibid., pp. 177-178.

  40.  Ibid., p. 179.

  41.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 343.

  42.  Ibid., p. 360.

  43.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A Biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), pp. 243-244.

  44.  Cf., Richard K. Curtis, They Called Him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), pp. 227-228.

  45.  Diary of D. W. Whittle, February 4, 1884, quoted in Pollack, Moody, pp. 244-245.

  46.  Ibid., p. 245.

  47.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 160-161.

  48.  John Cockburn, The Hungry Heart: A Romantic Biography of James Keir Hardie (London: Jarrolds Publishers Ltd., 1956), p. 67.

  49.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164,

  50.  William Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London: Assell & Co. Ltd., 1921), p. 7.

  51.  Carswell, Brother Scots, p. 164.

  52.  Stewart, J. Keir Hardie, p. 132.

  53.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

  54.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, pp. 351-352.

  55.  Pollock, Moody, p. 167.

  56.  L. E. Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era (2nd ed.; London: Lutterworth Press, 1946), p. 424.

  57.  Paulus Scharpff, History of Evangelism: Three Hundred Years of Evangelism in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, trans. by Helga Bender Henry (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1966), p. 196.

  58.  Elliott-Binns, Religion in the Victorian Era, p. 428.

  59.  Carswell, Brother Scots, pp. 192-197.

  60.  Pollock, Moody, p. 126.

  61.  George Adam Smith, The Life of Henry Drummond (New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., 1898), pp. 61-62, 65-66.

  62.  Cf., A Book of Remembrance: The Jubilee Souvenir of the Glasgow United Evangelistic Association’s Evangelistic and Ameliorative Schemes, 1874-1924 (Glasgow: Glasgow United Evangelistic Association, 1924).

  63.  A Letter from Alex S. Bain of Glasgow to the Reverend Myron R. Chartier, February 19, 1968.

  64.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 173-175.

  65.  MacPherson, Revival and Revival Work, pp. 294-295.

  66.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, p. 176.

  67.  John McDowell, Dwight L. Moody: The Discover of Men and the Maker of Movements (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915), p. 21.

  68.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 175-176.

  69.  Pollock, Moody, p. 244.

  70.  Drummond, Dwight L. Moody, pp. 114-116.

VII – The Revival Campaigns in America

   1.  Goodspeed, Moody and Sankey, pp. 236-237.

   2.  Daniels, Moody: His Words, pp. 433-442.

   3.  Daily Advertiser (Boston), January 30, 1877, p. 4, quoted in McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 270.

   4.  “Moody and Sankey,” The Nation, XXII (March 9, 1876), 156.

   5.  New York Times, October 25, 1875, p. 1.

   6.  “Messrs. Moody and Sankey in Brooklyn,” The Christian Advocate, L (November 11, 1875), 354.

   7.  Northwestern Christian Advocate, XXIV (October 18, 1876), 1, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 198.

   8.  William Moody, D. L. Moody, pp. 287-298.

   9.  McLoughlin, Modern Revivalism, p. 271.

 10.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” pp. 205-206.

  11.  Bernard A. Weinberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and their Impact upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958), p. 189.

VIII – Moody Bible Institute

   1.  Wilbur M. Smith, An Annotated Bibliography of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1948), p. 76.

   2.  William H. Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work (Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1875), p. 187.

   3.  Circular entitled “Report and Partial Summary, Bible Work, 1885-1886,” cited in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), p. 255.

   4.  John C. Pollock, Moody: A biographical Portrait of the Pacesetter in Modern Mass Evangelism (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963), p. 261.

   5.  Daniels, D. L. Moody and His Work, p. 187.

   6.  Pollock, Moody, p. 261.

   7.  Ibid.

   8.  Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 256.

   9.  Arthur Percy Fitt, Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures of D. L. Moody (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1936), p. 94.

  10.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 5-6, provides a verbatim account of Moody’s speech in Chicago, quoted in Richard K. Curtis, They Called him Mister Moody (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1962), p. 320.

  11.  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), pp. 52-54.

  12.  Cf., Bessie Louise Pierce, A History of Chicago (3 vols.; New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937-1957), III, chaps. vii,viii, for a good survey of labor’s activities in Chicago during these years, and Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affairs; A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (2nd ed.; New York: Russell and Russell, Publishers, Inc., 1958).

  13.  Record of Christian Work, V (April, 1886), 3 quoted in James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Moody,’Gapmen,’ and the Gospel: the Early Days of Moody Bible Institute,” Church History, XXXI (September, 1962), 324.

  14. T. W. Harvey to “friend,” November 16, 1888, typewritten form letter in the N. F. McCormick Papers, cited in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 324.

  15.  Chicago Inter-Ocean, November 21, 1856, p. 12, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 278.

  16.  Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  17.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 79.

  18.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  19.  A. W. Williams, Life and Work of Dwight L. Moody (Chicago: P. W. Ziegler Co., 1900), p. 293.

  20.  Watchman-Examiner, July 15, 1920, pp. 904-905, quoted in William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), p. 274.

  21.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  22.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  23.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6 quoted in Findlay, “Moody, ‘Gapmen,’ and the Gospel,” 325.

  24.  Ibid.

  25.  Smith, Bibliography of D. L. Moody, p. 78.

  26.  Record of Christian Work, V (February, 1886), 6, quoted in Findlay, “Dwight L. Moody,” p. 281.

  27.  Richard Ellsworth Day, Bush Aglow: The Life Story of Dwight L. Moody, Commoner of Northfield (Philadelphia: The Judson Press, 1936), p. 264.

  28.  Margaret Blake Robinson, A Reporter at Moody’s (Chicago: The Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1900), p. 141.

IX – Summary and Conclusions

   1.  James Franklin Findlay, Jr., “Dwight L. Moody: Evangelist of the Gilded Age, 1837-1899" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of History, Northwestern University, 1961), pp. 260-278.

   2.  William G. McLoughlin, Jr., Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1959), chaps. iv, v.